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「私たちは長年にわたり、信頼できる格付けの提供に注力し、現地データチームへの投資を重ねてきました。これにより当社の格付けの正確性は確保されていますが、購入者が検討している数千のプロジェクトにわたるスケールを実現することはできません。」
カーボンクレジット調達の最新動向について詳しくは、当社の記事「Key Takeaways for 2025」をご覧ください。調達戦略を改善するための、データに基づく5つのヒントをご紹介しています。
加えて：Connect to Supplyをご利用のお客様は、Sylveraのその他のツールもご利用いただけます。プロジェクトの格付け確認や強みの評価、高品質なカーボンクレジットの調達に加え、プロジェクトの進捗状況のモニタリング（特に発行前段階で投資している場合）も可能です。
Sylveraの無料デモを予約して、調達機能やレポーティング機能を体験しましょう。
Sustainability is an inherently forward-looking endeavor. Business leaders constantly look to the future to anticipate impending policy changes, technological breakthroughs, and inevitable shifts in social expectations that will affect their organizations.
サステナビリティのリーダーたちが注目しているトレンドのひとつが、カーボンプライシングです。
Many countries already have compliance carbon pricing in the form of carbon taxes or emissions trading systems, with many more expected to follow. But countries aren't the only ones looking to price carbon. Companies are also exploring how the cost of carbon fits within their climate strategy.
How is carbon priced?
Carbon pricing is a powerful tool for both governments and the private sector to reduce global GHG emissions. For companies looking to make high-integrity climate claims, carbon pricing is a tool to catalyze emissions reductions and define a strategy to invest in climate progress.
政府/公共部門におけるカーボンプライシング
There are four primary carbon pricing instruments used at the government level. Each attempts to put a price on carbon for the jurisdiction in which it's enforced.
1. Carbon Tax
A fixed price, or levy, on GHG emissions. For example:
- 南アフリカでトン当たり10ドル
- 日本ではトン当たり2ドル
- アルゼンチンでトン当たり5ドル
2. Emissions Trading System (ETS)
A cap-and trade system of emissions permits that can be traded and auctioned, creating a market-based carbon price. For example:
- トン当たり89ドル EUETS
- トン当たり50ドル ニュージーランドETS
- トン当たり11ドル 韓国ETS
3. Social cost of carbon
A theoretical price used by governments as an economic measure to reflect the cost of emissions to society. While governments don't charge, the price is applied in cost-benefit analyses and impacts policy decisions rather than as a levy on carbon. For example:
- In US policy, the social cost of carbon assumption used in cost and benefit analyses is USD $120 per tonne
- In 2021, the German Federal Environment Agency recommended using a cost rate of EUR $201 per tonne for 2021 emissions
4. Article 6
A provision within the Paris Agreement establishing two market-based mechanisms. Article 6.2 enables decentralized bilateral trades between countries to achieve emission reduction targets set out in nationally determined contributions (NDCs).
Article 6.4 establishes a centralized market-based mechanism governed by the UNFCCC for issuing carbon credits that can be purchased by both state and non-state actors.
民間セクターにおけるカーボンプライシング
Companies can participate in the pricing of carbon in three ways. Each of these carbon pricing approaches has unique benefits.
1. Voluntary carbon markets
Pricing is determined through transactions, whether through futures contracts or spot trades within a marketplace or through a bilateral contract, which is an agreement between two parties such as a broker and a corporate buyer.
価格に影響を与える主な要因には、プロジェクトの場所、方法論、ヴィンテージ年、検証機関、購入クレジット数などがあります。価格には多くの要因が影響しますが、品質が必ずしもそのひとつとは限りません。例えば、価格は様々です：
- N-GEO（自然ベース・グローバル排出権オフセット）契約は$2～$10
- 世界的な投資銀行が同じインドネシアのREDD+プロジェクトに対して行った取引から、19/20ヴィンテージは1トン当たり14.65ドル、16/17ヴィンテージは1トン当たり4ドル。
- $222 per tonne for credits from an upcoming European biochar project
2. Shadow pricing
A theoretical price defined by the company for a tonne of carbon used as a decision instrument to highlight risks to investments in the event of an externally imposed carbon price, such as a carbon tax or ETS. Companies may arrive at a price based on recommendations from development bodies, such as the World Bank's High-Level Commission on Carbon Prices (HLCCP), or define their own methodology for selecting a price, based on analysis of peer carbon prices, sectoral context and future projections of carbon pricing regulations. The use of shadow pricing is particularly common in heavy-emitting and regulated industries like transport, power, and fossil fuel. For example:
- BHPはトン当たり24～80ドル
- JSWスチールはトン当たり20ドル
3. Internal carbon fee
An internally imposed carbon tax that generates funds and can be used to invest in diverse climate actions, including carbon credits. Corporates are using a carbon levy to incentivize investments in emissions reductions and to fund the purchase of carbon credits to neutralize residual emissions. For example:
- $112 for SwissRE's 2022 emissions
- $100 for Microsoft's scope 3 business travel emissions
*すべての価格はある時点のものであり、1トンあたりのコストを反映しています。
What does an internal carbon fee achieve? Should you implement an internal carbon fee?
For companies making a climate commitment claim, whether “net zero”, “carbon neutral” or “carbon negative”, the risk of greenwashing accusations is on the rise.
気候変動に関する公約の中で炭素クレジットを使用することは、しばしば汚染のライセンスと分類され、批判を浴びています。炭素クレジットを利用する企業のリスクには、(i)クレジットの質、(ii)気候変動対策に関する主張、の2つがあります。
社内で炭素料金プログラムを導入することは、企業が排出削減のインセンティブを与えながら、過去から現在までの炭素排出量を補償する持続可能性プログラムのための資金を生み出す一つの方法です。
The use of carbon credits is frequently characterized as an action divorced from real behavior change to drive emissions reductions across a company's value chain. Carbon credits and absolute emissions reductions are not mutually exclusive. Using a carbon fee is one way to explicitly link action to emission reductions while also compensating for residual carbon with carbon credits.
Let's take Microsoft's decision to implement a carbon fee of $100 per tonne for scope 3 business travel emissions. Microsoft tracks emissions across all scopes and aggregates emissions data at a group level to determine the carbon fee charge. All Microsoft business units pay for the carbon they emit. Setting this carbon fee places a constraint on, and ultimately disincentivizes, carbon emitting behaviors.
In the case of business travel for Microsoft, knowing that there is an associated expense with taking a flight encourages employees to only travel when necessary. And for those cases when travel is required, Microsoft leverages the carbon fee to invest in energy efficiency, renewable energy and carbon credit projects.
Corporate climate claims and carbon credit quality
COP27では、オフセットや排出量の補償といった言葉から、貢献や緩和貢献といった言葉へのシフトが目立ちました。
Governments are setting up for regulations. The US Federal Trade Commission recently sought public comment on how the agency can regulate the climate claims that corporations make including: “sustainable”, “carbon neutral”, “carbon negative” and “net zero”.
Moreover, companies are facing litigation over dubious or misleading climate claims and advertising. In the fight against greenwashing, 54% of cases filed in 2022 resulted in an outcome deemed “favorable” to climate action litigation.
Putting a price on carbon and internalizing the cost of emissions could offer a path forward that reduces reputational risk and drives meaningful action for climate and nature. It's not a new strategy.
Boston Consulting Group and WWF published guidance for this approach in 2020, and one of SBTi's suggested models for beyond value chain mitigation (BVCM) is a dollar for tonne approach.
Defining an internal carbon price is one way to decouple climate commitments from tonne for tonne “offsetting” and moving towards a financial commitment model can have several positive outcomes:
- Steer carbon credit buyers away from cheap, low-quality credits and towards credits with verified impact and quality that deliver long-term results.
- 低炭素投資を促進し、バリューチェーン全体で排出削減を加速します。
- 新たな気候変動技術への投資
炭素価格はどのように決定すべきでしょうか？
炭素の社内価格を決定する際、組織が考慮できるベンチマーク価格は様々です。IPCC SR15では、1.5℃のシナリオに沿った炭素価格を維持するためには、トン当たり100米ドルから400米ドルの範囲が必要であるとしています。
現在の炭素クレジットの価格と、排出コストをより現実的に反映した価格との間には、明らかに埋めなければならない隔たりがあります。BloombergNEFは最近、3つの異なるシナリオの下で炭素クレジットの価格設定をモデル化しました。
内部で定義されたものであれ、外部から課されたものであれ、カーボンプライシングの仕組みに関わるステークホルダーは、価格の上昇を期待すべきです。排出の環境的・社会的コストを合理的に反映した炭素価格は、1.5℃の軌道に沿って排出削減を推進し、気候変動による最悪の影響を防ぐための極めて重要な手段です。
2030年や2050年に向けて、1.5℃に沿った野心的なネット・ゼロ目標を設定したとしても、現実には、企業はその道のりで毎年炭素を排出しています。内部炭素価格を設定することで、質の高い炭素クレジットへの投資を可能にする資金を生み出し、企業は後発企業に対する競争上の優位性を確保することができます。
Stimulate economic growth and climate change with Sylvera
Your company's approach to carbon pricing will help determine its carbon strategy. As such, it can play an important role in the climate-related success of your organization.
Sylvera was designed to assist corporate buyers, investors, and other sustainability professionals in their quest to turn profits and save the environment. When it comes to carbon pricing, our Market Data will give you the information you need to not only explore the current price of carbon, but identify quality pre-issuance projects and issued credits to invest in—amongst other things.
Sign up for a free demo of Sylvera today to see our industry-leading platform in action!
