Carbon Market Convergence: What it is and Why it Matters

October 23, 2025
9
min read
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TL;DR

The voluntary and compliance markets have started to converge into one effective global carbon market from which all companies can invest in eligible international carbon credits. What is driving this change? In this article, we explore the answer.

To limit warming to 1.5°C and mitigate the catastrophic effects of climate change, we need to achieve global net zero by 2050. Achieving this goal depends on three key factors, all of which demand significant investment from both the public and private sector: 

While all three factors have associated costs, no one actor is entirely responsible for it. As a result, increasing action and driving climate financing depends on an emerging system of incentives and penalties. Fortunately, both voluntary and compliance carbon markets can help fill critical gaps in funding and incentivize action that will lead to increased global emissions reductions and removals.

Over the past year, there have been a number of clear signs, standards, and regulatory measures that are bringing compliance and voluntary markets closer together. Expanding the existing compliance markets to include voluntary carbon credits will drive investment and innovation. It will also help lay the foundation for a real incentive system for corporate climate action to emerge.

Convergence between voluntary and compliance markets

A notable shift is underway as the VCM and compliance markets begin to converge. This shift is driven by two key trends: increased regulation in the VCM and the expansion of compliance markets. 

Increased regulation in the voluntary carbon market

The VCM is under increased regulatory scrutiny, especially around the way corporates purchase carbon credits. As a result, there has been increased regulation and interest from regulatory bodies like the International Organization of Securities Commission (IOSCO) and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC). In addition, participants in the VCM are now emphasizing quality, exploring ways to invest in projects earlier in order to have a greater say in project development. This blurs the lines between the traditionally less-regulated VCM and the compliance-focused markets.

The expansion of the compliance carbon market

Simultaneously, compliance markets are expanding into new sectors not previously covered, such as the inclusion of maritime transport in the EU ETS. Alignment with the goals of the Paris Agreement is prompting compliance markets to explore carbon removal credits, which currently only exist on the VCM. Compliance markets will need to expand to allow for durable removal credits—and this may mean opening their doors to VCM carbon projects.

Explore the Opportunities and the Implications in our Latest Whitepaper 

To delve deeper into the convergence between voluntary and compliance markets and understand the opportunities and implications for your business and your carbon strategy, download our latest whitepaper. We outline everything you need to know about the current trends and offer insights into what you should do to prepare for this transformative shift—and how we can help along the way.

FAQs about the convergence of compliance and voluntary markets

What is carbon market convergence?

Carbon market convergence refers to the process of aligning different carbon pricing mechanisms, such as emissions trading systems or carbon taxes, across countries or regions. This alignment supports the development of an effective global carbon market, allowing for more seamless trade in eligible international carbon credits. By reducing fragmentation, convergence also enhances transparency and boosts investor confidence in carbon offsetting mechanisms.

Why is carbon market convergence important?

Convergence helps create consistent rules and standards across markets, which is essential for enforcing emissions reductions on a global scale. It ensures that carbon pricing sends a clear, reliable signal to industries, encouraging investment in and low-carbon technologies like renewable energy. A unified approach also helps countries meeting self-imposed climate targets in a more cost-effective way. For example, Singapore's carbon tax regime is evolving to align more closely with international standards, positioning the country to potentially link with other carbon markets in the future.

How does carbon market convergence support the use of international carbon credits?

By harmonizing verification standards and eligibility criteria, convergence makes it easier for different entities to recognize and trade eligible international carbon credits. This not only facilitates carbon offsetting but also helps channel finance toward climate efforts that produce higher quality credits in developing countries, contributing to both climate mitigation and sustainable development.

What is the role of Article 6 of the Paris Agreement in carbon market convergence?

Article 6 lays the groundwork for international cooperation through carbon trading. It enables the transfer of emissions reductions between countries, which supports the emergence of a global carbon market. Implementing core carbon principles, like transparency and environmental integrity, is important to ensure that convergence under Article 6 is both credible and impactful.

Can carbon market convergence help countries meet their climate goals?

Yes! Through improved access to high quality voluntary credits, for example, companies can invest in cost-effective mitigation strategies, like forestry-based carbon offsetting projects. This flexibility encourages broader participation in global climate action. It also reduces corporate reliance and investment in lower quality avoidance credits that don't support true climate change.

About the author

This article features expertise and contributions from many specialists in their respective fields employed across our organization.

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